Stomiomvårdnad

Stomiomvårdnad refers to the care and management of a stoma, which is a surgically created opening on the body's surface, typically the abdomen. This opening connects an internal organ, such as the intestine or urinary tract, to the outside. Stomas are created for various medical reasons, including bowel obstruction, inflammatory bowel disease, bladder cancer, or trauma. Proper stoma care is essential for maintaining the patient's health, comfort, and quality of life.

The primary goal of stomiomvårdnad is to prevent complications and ensure the stoma and surrounding skin remain healthy. This involves regular cleaning of the stoma and the skin around it using mild soap and water. The stoma itself should be moist and pink or red; any changes in color, such as black or pale, require immediate medical attention.

A crucial aspect of stoma care is the management of the ostomy appliance, which is a collection pouch worn over the stoma. This appliance needs to be emptied regularly and changed according to the manufacturer's instructions or the healthcare provider's recommendations. The correct fit of the appliance is vital to prevent leakage, which can irritate the skin and lead to infections or breakdown. Skin protection barriers, such as pastes or seals, are often used to protect the peristomal skin from effluent.

Patients with a stoma, or their caregivers, receive education on how to perform these care tasks. This education typically covers recognizing signs of infection, managing potential problems like blockages or hernias, and maintaining a healthy diet and fluid intake to promote proper stoma function. Psychological support is also an important part of stomiomvårdnad, as adjusting to life with a stoma can be challenging. Regular follow-up with a stoma nurse or other healthcare professionals is recommended to monitor the stoma's condition and address any concerns.