Stallklima

Stallklima, or stable climate, refers to the microclimate inside a stable, stall, or barn where livestock or horses are kept. It encompasses air temperature, humidity, air movement and exchange, and the air’s composition, including gases such as ammonia and carbon dioxide, as well as dust, odors, and microbial content. The climate inside stalls is shaped by architectural design, ventilation, bedding and litter, moisture from urine, manure management, stocking density, and outdoor weather conditions.

Key factors include ventilation rate and effectiveness, which determine how quickly stale air is replaced with fresh air; humidity and temperature, which influence comfort and moisture accumulation; and contaminants such as ammonia, dust, and volatile organic compounds. Bedding type and moisture control, manure handling, and animal density all interact to affect air quality and comfort. Seasonal and diurnal variations can cause fluctuations in all these elements.

Measurement and indicators rely on sensors and practical observations. Common metrics are air temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and dust levels. Ventilation effectiveness can be assessed by airflow measurements or tracer tests, while odor and eye or respiratory irritation serve as functional indicators of air quality for animals and workers.

Health and welfare implications are significant. Poor stall climate is associated with respiratory issues, reduced immune function, stress, and lower productivity in animals, and irritation or discomfort for human workers. Inadequate climate control can also increase disease risk and affect reproductive and growth performance.

Management practices aim to optimize the climate through design and operation. Strategies include improved ventilation with vents or fans, seasonal adjustments, prompt litter and manure removal, moisture control, appropriate bedding, and maintaining suitable stocking densities. Effective stall climate management is a core component of animal welfare and farm productivity.