Stachys

Stachys is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae) comprising around 300 species. Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, many species are cultivated as ornamentals or have become naturalized in other regions, including North America. The group is diverse, with plants ranging from creeping perennials to upright herbaceous forms, often with soft, hairy foliage. Common names include woundwort and hedge nettle.

Botanical overview: Stachys species typically have opposite, simple leaves and square stems, features typical of the mint family. Flowers are usually arranged in dense inflorescences that form verticillasters; individual blossoms are two-lipped and tubular, often in shades of purple, pink, white, or yellow. Flowering commonly occurs in summer and early autumn, and many species attract bees and other pollinators.

Ecology and uses: Several Stachys species are valued in gardens for their texture and late-summer blooms, such as Stachys byzantina (lamb’s ear) and other ornamental perennials. Some species have traditional medicinal uses; Stachys officinalis (betony) has a history in herbal medicine. Wetland species like Stachys palustris (marsh woundwort) occupy damp habitats and contribute to local biodiversity.

Cultivation and notes: Most Stachys prefer well-drained soil and full sun to light shade. They are generally hardy and propagate by seed, division, or plants divisions in suitable seasons. Some species can spread aggressively in favorable climates, so management may be needed in cultivated settings. Overall, Stachys balances ornamental value with ecological roles in wild and cultivated landscapes.