Stabbing

Stabbing is a form of penetrating trauma in which a pointed instrument pierces the body, typically causing one or more stab wounds. The act is most often associated with knives or similar tools, but any pointed instrument can be involved. A stab wound is puncture-like and may be deeper than it appears; unlike incised wounds, which are longer than they are deep, stab wounds can be deeper than their surface length depending on the blade and angle of entry.

Injury patterns depend on the instrument's length, blade geometry, and the trajectory. Common critical injuries involve the chest and abdomen, including injuries to the heart, major vessels, lungs, liver, or intestines. Injuries to the airways, diaphragm, and spinal column are also possible. Injuries may not be immediately evident; shock or internal bleeding can occur.

Medical response involves emergency services, and immediate assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation. Control bleeding and prevent further injury, and immobilize the patient if needed. Stabilized patients undergo diagnostic evaluation, such as focused imaging, and surgical consultation; penetrating trauma often requires surgical exploration. Prophylactic antibiotics and tetanus vaccination may be used according to local protocols.

Legal and social aspects: stabbing is a violent crime and a criminal offense in most jurisdictions, with charges ranging from assault with a deadly weapon to homicide if death results. Outcomes vary with injury severity and access to timely care. Data show higher incidence in certain settings, underscoring the role of prevention and law enforcement.

Prevention and safety: reduce risk by avoiding dangerous situations, practicing de-escalation, and ensuring access to mental health resources and conflict mediation. Safe storage of sharp objects and community programs may reduce incident rates.