Squatina

Squatina, commonly known as angel sharks, represents a genus of cartilaginous fish in the order Squatiniformes. These sharks possess a flattened, ray-like body shape with broad pectoral fins, which aids them in their benthic lifestyle. They are found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide, typically inhabiting sandy or muddy bottoms of continental shelves and upper slopes.

Angel sharks are ambush predators, lying in wait partially buried in the sediment for their prey, which consists mainly of small fish and invertebrates. Their coloration provides excellent camouflage against the seabed. Despite their flattened appearance, they are true sharks, possessing five to seven gill slits and a cartilaginous skeleton.

The genus Squatina is characterized by its distinctive appearance, differing significantly from the more streamlined, pelagic sharks. They have two dorsal fins but lack an anal fin. Their eyes are positioned on top of their heads, and their mouths are terminal. Reproduction in Squatina is ovoviviparous, meaning eggs hatch inside the mother and the young are born live.

Several species exist within the Squatina genus, each with varying distributions and ecological roles. Many species are unfortunately considered vulnerable or endangered due to habitat degradation, overfishing, and bycatch in fisheries. Conservation efforts are crucial for the survival of these unique cartilaginous fish.