Squarerigged

Squarerigged is an adjective describing a sailing vessel that carries square sails set on horizontal yards across the masts. In contrast to fore-and-aft lateen or gaff rigs, square rigs use multiple large rectangular sails that are maneuvered by adjusting braces on each yard. The typical arrangement includes the foremast and mainmast with square sails on each mast, and sometimes a mizzen mast with smaller square sails, depending on design. The sails are organized into levels: courses, topsails, topgallants, and royals.

Historically, squarerigged ships dominated the Age of Sail, particularly from the 16th through the 19th centuries. They were favored for their ability to carry large sail areas and to sail efficiently with wind from aft or abeam, though tacking into the wind was slower than with fore-and-aft rigs. Handling required a sizable crew to manage the many sails and rigging.

In modern times, square rigs are primarily found on tall ships used for training, ceremonial purposes, or historical reenactment. They are valued for their visual impact and the traditional seamanship skills they require, but modern propulsion and logistics make them impractical for most commercial or naval roles.

Examples of squarerigged vessels include historical ships-of-the-line and frigates such as HMS Victory, and surviving square-rigged ships like Cutty Sark or Star of India, which operate as museums or training ships. The term is often used interchangeably with square-rigged, though some writers distinguish full square rigs from partial adaptations.