Spædbørn

Spædbørn, meaning infants in Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic, refers to humans in the first year of life, from birth through approximately 12 months. The period is characterized by rapid physical growth, early brain development, and the emergence of social and motor skills. Growth and development vary widely among individuals, but milestones across sensory, motor, and communication domains provide general reference points for caregivers and health professionals.

During the first months, infants typically gain weight and regain birth weight quickly after the initial postnatal period. By about 2–4 months, many show social smiles and begin tracking objects with their eyes. By 6 months, many can sit with support and reach for items. By 9–12 months, crawling, pulling to stand, and early attempts at walking may appear. Length increases by roughly 50% over the first year, and head growth continues steadily.

Feeding and care commonly begin with breast milk or infant formula. Solid foods are usually introduced around six months, with attention to texture, safety, and nutritional needs. Honey is avoided in the first year due to botulism risk. Regular pediatric checkups monitor growth, development, and immunizations according to local schedules.

Safety and well-being considerations include safe sleep practices (back to sleep on a firm surface, free of loose bedding and toys), supervised positioning, and injury prevention. Immunizations, hygiene, skin care, and responsive caregiving support healthy development. Early identification of developmental concerns is important; timely access to pediatric evaluation and early intervention services can improve outcomes. Care practices and expectations for spædbørn can vary by culture, family circumstances, and health systems.