Spänningskretsen

Spänningskretsen, often translated as voltage divider or potentiometric divider, is a simple passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage that is a fraction of its input voltage. It is constructed from two series-connected impedances, typically resistors, across which the input voltage is applied. The output voltage is taken across one of the impedances.

The fundamental principle of a spänningskrets relies on Ohm's Law and the concept of voltage drops across components in a series circuit. When a voltage is applied across the total impedance, the current flowing through the circuit is determined by the total resistance and the applied voltage. This current then causes a voltage drop across each individual impedance proportional to its resistance value.

The ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is equal to the ratio of the impedance across which the output is taken to the total impedance of the circuit. For a simple resistive spänningskrets with resistors R1 and R2, where the output is taken across R2, the formula for the output voltage (Vout) is given by Vout = Vin * (R2 / (R1 + R2)).

Spänningskretsen have numerous applications. They are commonly used to step down voltages to a lower level, provide a reference voltage, or adjust signal levels. In analog electronics, they serve as a basic building block for more complex circuits. However, it's important to note that a spänningskrets is not a voltage regulator, as its output voltage can vary if the input voltage or the load connected to the output changes.