Spondyliosoma

Spondyliosoma is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, commonly known as sea breams. The genus currently contains two recognized species: Spondyliosoma cantharus and Spondyliosoma emarginatum. These fish are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the British Isles south to Angola, and also inhabit the Mediterranean Sea. They are demersal species, typically inhabiting rocky bottoms, reefs, and seagrass beds at depths ranging from 20 to 200 meters.

Spondyliosoma species are generally oviparous, with external fertilization. They are often omnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates such as crustaceans, mollusks, and polychaete worms, as well as algae. Both species exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males often being larger and more brightly colored than females, especially during the breeding season. They are of moderate commercial importance in some parts of their range, being caught by both artisanal and commercial fisheries. Their flesh is considered palatable.