Splitsystem

Splitsystem is a type of air conditioning and heat pump arrangement in which the equipment is divided into two main sections: an indoor unit that conditions the air inside a space and an outdoor unit that contains the compressor and condenser. The two sections are connected by refrigerant pipes, electrical wiring, and a condensate drain. This configuration reduces indoor noise because the noisy components are placed outside.

Operation: In cooling mode, the indoor unit's evaporator absorbs heat from the room; the refrigerant evaporates and is pumped to the outdoor condenser, where heat is released and the refrigerant condenses. The expansion valve controls flow into the indoor unit. In heating mode, a reversing valve switches the cycle so the system extracts heat from outdoor air and delivers it indoors. Efficiency depends on outdoor temperature and refrigerant charge.

Configurations include single-split, with one indoor unit connected to a single outdoor unit, and multi-split, with multiple indoor units connected to one outdoor unit. Indoor units can be wall-mounted, ceiling cassette, or floor-standing, while the outdoor unit is placed outside the building. A key feature is that refrigerant lines and wiring run through a small bore outside the living space, often via a wall sleeve.

Installation and maintenance: Proper sizing and refrigerant charge require a licensed technician. The system should be installed with adequate clearances for heat exchange and drainage. Common refrigerants include R-32 and R-410A, with regulatory shifts toward more eco-friendly options. Energy efficiency is indicated by SEER and SCOP ratings. Regular maintenance includes cleaning filters and outdoor coils and checking for leaks.

Applications and considerations: Split systems are suitable for cooling or heating individual rooms or zones, offering flexible placement and relatively quick installation compared with ducted systems. They can be costlier per unit area for large spaces, and the indoor units may be visible. They require proper insulation and occasional maintenance to sustain efficiency.