Spinetoram

Spinetoram is a semi-synthetic insecticide in the spinosyn class, developed through chemical modification of natural spinosyns produced by the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa. It is used as a broad-spectrum insecticide for crops and is marketed as a mixture of two highly active spinosyn components. Spinetoram is applied topically or as a foliar spray to control a range of pests on fruits, vegetables, field crops, and ornamentals.

Mode of action and efficacy: spinetoram acts on the insect nervous system by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to rapid neural excitation, paralysis, and death. This mode of action is distinct from many other insecticide classes, contributing to its usefulness in resistance management. It provides both contact and stomach toxicity against susceptible pests, including lepidopteran caterpillars, thrips, leafminers, and some beetles.

Safety and environmental considerations: spinetoram has relatively low mammalian toxicity. It degrades relatively quickly in the environment, particularly under sunlight, resulting in moderate to short residual activity in soil and on treated surfaces. However, it can be toxic to non-target aquatic invertebrates and may affect pollinators if exposure occurs on blooming crops; as with other insecticides, label directions and timing are important. Resistance management recommendations typically include rotating with insecticides of different modes of action and avoiding overuse.

Regulatory status: spinetoram is registered in many countries for diverse crops and is integrated into pest management programs where appropriate. Users should follow local regulations and product labels for application rates, pre-harvest intervals, and safety precautions.