Spanishplural

Spanishplural refers to the set of rules and patterns by which Spanish marks more than one referent in the language. It applies to nouns, adjectives, determiners, and pronouns, and the plural form is usually created by adding a suffix to the singular form. The basic rule is straightforward: if a word ends in a vowel, add -s; if it ends in a consonant, add -es; if it ends in z, replace z with -ces. Accent marks are generally preserved, and the stress of the word typically shifts only when required by the added suffix.

There are irregular plurals that do not follow the simple suffix rule. Common examples include hombre -> hombres, mujer -> mujeres, pez -> peces, y luz -> luces. Nouns ending in -ión usually form plurals by adding -es and dropping the accent on the i, as in nación -> naciones. Some words also exhibit vowel or consonant changes within the stem, such as camión -> camiones, where the accent is removed in the plural.

Adjectives agree in number with the nouns they modify, and their plural form mirrors the noun’s plural. For example, niño alto becomes niños altos, and azul becomes azules in plural. Adjectives ending in -ista or -e generally form plurals without gender change, as in optimista -> optimistas or azul -> azules.

Borrowed words also follow general patterns, though there are exceptions. Nouns ending in a vowel typically take -s (libro -> libros, foto -> fotos), while those ending in a consonant take -es (reloj -> relojes). Some borrowed terms retain their original plural behavior in limited contexts, but standard Spanish pluralization applies to most everyday words.

In usage, plural nouns and adjectives must agree in number with each other, and the plural determiner forms accordingly.