Soteria

Soteria is a term with Greek roots meaning salvation or deliverance. In Christian theology, soteria refers to salvation and the deliverance of humanity from sin, often discussed within the broader doctrine of soteriology. The word has been adopted in secular contexts to denote rescue, safety, or protection.

In psychiatry, the Soteria model refers to an experimental approach to treating acute psychiatric crises, notably first-episode psychosis. Originating in the United States in the 1960s–1970s, Soteria programs sought to provide a home-like, non-hospital environment with a small, dedicated staff, supportive milieu, and minimal use of antipsychotic medication. The aim was to reduce distress and coercion while promoting recovery through environmental and psychosocial support, rather than reliance on drugs.

The Soteria movement generated both interest and controversy. Proponents argued that outcomes were comparable to conventional inpatient care with fewer side effects, while critics questioned methodology, safety, and the feasibility of scaling such models. By the 1980s many centers had closed, though the approach influenced later crisis residences and non-pharmacological care concepts.

Today, the term Soteria is sometimes used to describe crisis-residence or peer-supported facilities that apply similar principles, emphasizing humane, low-drug, and person-centered care. It remains a point of discussion in debates over the role of medication in acute psychosis and the best ways to support recovery.