Sorbeerumine

Sorbeerumine, or sorption, is the process by which a substance is taken up by another phase, either by adhesion to a surface (adsorption) or by penetration into the bulk of a material (absorption). It is an umbrella term that also includes related mechanisms such as ion exchange and surface complexation. In environmental science, sorbeerumine describes how contaminants interact with soils, sediments, and organic matter, influencing their mobility, bioavailability, and fate.

Sorbeerumine can occur through physical forces, such as van der Waals interactions or electrostatic attraction, or through chemical bonding, including ionic or covalent interactions. Physical sorption is typically reversible and strongly dependent on temperature and surface area, while chemical sorption is often more specific and less easily reversed. Isotherms commonly describe sorbeerumine capacity and affinity; examples include Langmuir and Freundlich models. The distribution coefficient, Kd, relates the amount sorbed to the amount dissolved at equilibrium and is widely used in hydrology and soil science.

Kinetics of sorbeerumine describe how quickly equilibrium is reached and may be controlled by processes such as film diffusion, pore diffusion, or chemical reaction at the surface. Several environmental factors influence sorbeerumine, including pH, ionic strength, temperature, the content and type of organic matter, the mineralogy and surface area of the sorbent, and the presence of competing substances.

Applications of sorbeerumine include predicting pollutant fate in soils and groundwater, guiding water- and wastewater-treatment processes (for example, activated carbon or ion-exchange resins), and informing remediation strategies. It also plays a role in drug delivery and material design where adsorption or controlled release is relevant. Common examples are pesticide sorbeerumine to soils, dyes sorbing onto activated carbon, and carbon dioxide capture on solid sorbents.