Solvensi

Solvensi, or solvency, is the state in which an entity has sufficient assets and expected cash flows to meet its long-term obligations as they come due. It focuses on sustained financial stability rather than day-to-day liquidity, which concerns the ability to cover short-term obligations.

Solvensi is commonly assessed using balance sheets and projected cash flows. Key indicators include the solvency ratio (equity divided by total assets), the debt-to-equity ratio, the debt ratio, and the interest-coverage ratio. Regulators in different sectors require a minimum level of solvency to protect creditors and maintain financial stability. For banks, Basel III emphasizes capital adequacy; for insurance firms in many jurisdictions, risk-based frameworks determine required capital to absorb losses.

Solvensi is influenced by asset quality, leverage, earnings stability, and access to funding. Deterioration in asset values, higher leverage, or sustained declines in cash flow can erode solvency and raise the risk of insolvency. Assessment often combines accounting measures with stress testing and long-term scenario analysis.

Limitations arise from reliance on book values, forecast assumptions, and model risk. Solvensi is not the same as liquidity, and a solvent entity can still face temporary cash shortages. Understanding solvency helps investors, managers, and regulators gauge financial resilience and capital adequacy to withstand adverse conditions.