Sokeriruoosta

Sokeriruoosta, or sugarcane, refers to several species of tropical grasses in the genus Saccharum that are grown for their sap-rich stalks from which sugar is extracted. The most important cultivated species are Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum, often bred in hybrids. It is a tall, perennial grass with slender, jointed stems, long leaves, and a flowering panicle. Sugarcane uses C4 photosynthesis and thrives in warm, frost-free climates with abundant rainfall or irrigation.

Cultivation occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of South America, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Plants are propagated via stalk cuttings or sets and are commonly grown on long fields with ratooning cycles that can extend several years. Good water management and fertile soils are essential; pests and diseases such as sugarcane borers, scales, and mosaic viruses challenge production.

Processing: after harvest, the stalks are pressed to extract juice, which is clarified and concentrated by boiling to crystallize sugar. The remaining liquid becomes molasses, and the fibrous bagasse is often burned for energy or repurposed into paper or building materials. Cane juice and syrup can be consumed directly; sugar and ethanol are key products, with ethanol produced from juice or molasses in some regions.

Economy and significance: sugarcane is one of the world's most important commercial crops. Brazil and India are among the leading producers, with substantial cultivation in many other tropical countries. The industry provides livelihoods for millions and influences related sectors such as energy, food processing, and transportation. Environmental concerns include water use and soil quality, prompting adoption of sustainable irrigation, integrated pest management, and crop diversification.