Socialtjenestemodeller

Socialtjenestemodeller are theoretical and practical frameworks that guide social services in the assessment, planning, delivery, and evaluation of support for individuals, families and communities. They aim to translate policy into tailored interventions while promoting transparency and accountability. They are applied across child welfare, housing, elder care, mental health, and disability services in many welfare states, including Norway.

Common models include strengths-based approaches (building on client resources and capacities), needs-based and case-management models (systematic assessment of needs and coordinated service plans), rights-based and empowerment-focused models (emphasizing participation, autonomy and social inclusion), and ecological or systems models (recognizing influences from family, community, and institutions). In mental health and addiction services, recovery-oriented and person-centered models are influential. Family-centered practice emphasizes involvement of relatives and caregivers.

Implementation features include standardized assessments, person-centered planning, multidisciplinary teams, interagency collaboration, and performance measurement. User participation, cultural competence, and ethical considerations such as confidentiality and safeguarding are central. Data-driven evaluation examines outcomes like safety, independence, quality of life, and service efficiency.

Critiques note potential rigidity, overstandardization, and resource constraints that limit individualized adaptation. Successful use relies on adequate training, appropriate funding, and governance that supports collaboration and continuous learning. See also: case management, social work, welfare state, evidence-based practice.