Snoring

Snoring is the noise produced during sleep when the flow of air through the mouth and nose is partially obstructed. It happens when the tissues of the throat vibrate as air moves past them. Snoring is common in both adults and children and can range from a minor nuisance to a sign of an underlying health issue.

Causes include relaxed throat muscles during sleep, nasal congestion, obesity, alcohol or sedatives, and sleeping on the back. Anatomical factors such as enlarged tonsils or adenoids, a deviated septum, or a naturally narrow airway can contribute to snoring.

Snoring may be harmless, but it can also reflect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which breathing stops briefly during sleep. OSA can cause daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, poor concentration, and increased cardiovascular risk. Distinguishing between simple snoring and OSA is important for assessing health implications.

Diagnosis typically involves medical history and a physical examination, and may include sleep testing such as polysomnography or home sleep apnea testing when OSA is suspected.

Treatment focuses on addressing causes and reducing symptoms. Lifestyle changes like weight loss, avoiding alcohol and sedatives, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule can help. Nasal decongestants or strips may reduce nasal obstruction. Oral appliances or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy are options for breathing-related snoring or OSA. In some cases, surgical or other procedures target specific anatomical problems.

Prevention emphasizes healthy weight management, treating nasal congestion, and avoiding factors that relax throat muscles during sleep. Seek medical advice if snoring is loud, persistent, or associated with breathing pauses or daytime fatigue.