Skuldbaserade

Skuldbaserade describes systems, practices, or policies that are financed or driven primarily by debt rather than by savings, taxes, or equity. In economics, a skuldbaserad economy is one in which credit creation and borrowing play a central role in activity, with households, businesses, and governments all participating through various forms of debt—such as consumer credit, mortgages, corporate bonds, and sovereign debt. The availability and cost of credit are influenced by monetary policy, regulation, lender risk appetite, and financial innovations.

Advantages of debt-based financing include the ability to support investment and consumption when savings are low, help smooth demand during fluctuations, and enable large-scale projects (for example in housing or infrastructure) that might not be possible with savings alone. It can also facilitate faster capital formation and growth in the short to medium term.

Risks and criticisms focus on financial vulnerability and debt sustainability. Persistent reliance on debt can raise debt service burdens, create debt spirals, and amplify downturns if credit conditions tighten or asset prices fall. Critics argue that skuldbaserade growth may prioritize short-term gains over long-term stability and can exacerbate inequality if access to credit is uneven or poorly regulated.

Policy responses include macroprudential measures to curb excessive credit growth, sustainable debt management for households and governments, stronger consumer protections, and efforts to promote income growth and inclusive access to credit under transparent lending standards. The term is commonly used in Swedish-speaking debates to describe financing structures and growth models centered on debt.