Skinsår

Skinsår, also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure. They most commonly occur in individuals who are immobile due to illness, injury, or old age. The reduced blood flow to the affected area caused by sustained pressure deprives the tissues of oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell damage and eventual tissue death.

The development of skinsår typically progresses through several stages. Stage 1 involves non-blanchable redness on intact skin. Stage 2 presents as a partial-thickness skin loss with an open or blistered wound. Stage 3 features full-thickness skin loss, exposing subcutaneous fat. In Stage 4, the damage extends to muscle, bone, or tendon. Some skinsår can also be unstageable if the full depth cannot be determined due to slough or eschar.

Factors that increase the risk of developing skinsår include immobility, poor nutrition, incontinence, friction and shear forces, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or circulatory issues. Prevention is key and involves regular repositioning of immobile individuals, maintaining clean and dry skin, using protective padding and surfaces, and ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration.

Treatment for skinsår depends on the stage of the wound. It typically involves relieving pressure, cleaning the wound, and applying appropriate dressings to promote healing. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Early detection and intervention significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications such as infection.