Sitruenia

Sitruenia is the Finnish term used to refer to the lemon, a citrus fruit produced by the evergreen tree Citrus limon. Native to Asia, lemons are now cultivated worldwide in warm temperate and tropical regions for culinary, commercial, and ornamental purposes.

The fruit is typically oval to ellipsoidal, about 5–8 cm long, with a bright yellow rind and a juicy, acidic pulp. The rind contains aromatic essential oils, while the juice is rich in citric acid and vitamin C. Lemons are valued for their tart flavor, which makes them a common ingredient in beverages, marinades, desserts, and preserves, as well as for their zest, which provides intense citrus aroma.

Cultivation requires warm, frost-free conditions, full sun, and well-drained soil. Lemon trees are sensitive to cold and may need protection in cooler climates. They are usually grown in orchards or containers and require regular irrigation and pruning. Common pests and diseases include aphids, scale, citrus canker, and huanglongbing (citrus greening), which can affect production and fruit quality.

Nutritionally, lemons provide low calories but high vitamin C content, along with small amounts of fiber, potassium, and various phytochemicals. They are used fresh, juiced, or as zest, and their essential oils are employed in perfumery, cleaning products, and flavorings.

Significance and varieties: Popular lemon varieties include Eureka, Lisbon, and Meyer. Meyer lemons are typically sweeter and less acidic, often grown in home gardens. The lemon’s versatility and distinct aroma make it a staple in cuisines around the world.