Sineli

Sineli is a traditional musical instrument originating from the regions of the Caucasus, particularly associated with the Abkhaz and Abaza peoples. It is a type of bowed string instrument, closely resembling a small violin or fiddle, and is often used in folk music performances. The name "Sineli" is derived from the Abkhaz language, where it translates to "little violin."

The instrument typically features a wooden body, usually made from spruce or pine, with a curved neck and a small, rounded soundhole. It has three strings, which are usually tuned in a similar fashion to a violin, though variations exist depending on regional traditions. The bow is made from horsehair stretched over a curved stick, often crafted from wood like mulberry or willow.

Sineli is played with a technique that combines elements of both plucking and bowing, allowing for a rich, melodic sound. It is commonly used in solo performances, as well as in ensemble settings, where it complements other traditional instruments like the *psenteri* (a type of lyre) or the *dutaru* (a frame drum). The instrument plays a significant role in Abkhaz and Abaza cultural celebrations, including weddings, festivals, and religious ceremonies.

Due to its cultural importance, Sineli has been preserved through oral traditions and passed down through generations of musicians. Efforts have been made to document and promote the instrument, ensuring its continued presence in contemporary music. While it remains a niche instrument outside the Caucasus, its unique sound and historical significance contribute to the region’s rich musical heritage.