Sinbad

Sinbad the Sailor is a fictional adventurer and the hero of a cycle of tales in the Middle Eastern tradition, commonly placed within the One Thousand and One Nights. He is typically depicted as a merchant from Basra who undertakes seven voyages across distant seas, facing marvels, peril, and fortune. The stories emphasize travel, resourcefulness, and the unpredictable turns of fate, often concluding with wealth gained or hardship endured upon return.

Origins and transmission: The Sinbad tales likely arose from oral storytelling traditions in the Persian and Arab worlds and were incorporated into the Nights during its medieval compilation, roughly from the 9th to 14th centuries. The English name Sinbad derives from translations by Antoine Galland in the 18th century, which helped popularize the character in Europe. In different editions, the number of voyages varies; the most common form features seven journeys.

Plot and motifs: Across voyages, Sinbad sails for trade, is shipwrecked or stranded, and finds himself on islands and in cities governed by magical beings, colossal creatures such as the roc, and strange phenomena. Episodes involve clever escapes, alliances with locals or fantastical beings, and boons that restore his wealth or advance his status. While some voyages end with Sinbad returning home richer, others emphasize humility and learning.

Legacy: Sinbad has persisted as a staple of Arabian Nights adaptations and has influenced later fantasy literature, film, animation, and popular culture. The character's enduring appeal lies in his blend of daring, curiosity, and fortune, as well as the dreamlike geography of the seas he traverses.