Silisiums

Silisiums is an uncommon term that may be encountered as a plural form of the chemical element silicon in some English-language texts. However, it is not standard in modern English scientific writing. The element is normally called silicon, with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. In many other languages, cognate names exist, such as Silizium (German) or silicium (French). Because silisiums is not widely used in formal chemistry, it is generally avoided in technical writing outside historical or translational contexts.

Silicon is a metalloid with a crystalline structure that is most often described as diamond-like. It has a density of about 2.33 g/cm3, a melting point of 1414°C, and a boiling point near 2870–2900°C. In chemistry, silicon forms a stable oxide, silicon dioxide (SiO2), and a wide range of silicates. It typically exhibits a +4 oxidation state and forms diverse compounds, including ceramics, polysiloxanes, and various alloys.

Earth’s crust contains silicon in abundance, making it one of the most plentiful elements by mass (roughly 28%). It occurs mainly in silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspars, and in other minerals like mica and pyroxene. Industrial silicon is produced by reducing silica with carbon in electric furnaces to yield metallurgical-grade silicon, which is further purified for specialized applications. Advanced purification methods, including chemical processes, produce semiconductor-grade silicon used in electronics and photovoltaic cells.

Applications of silicon include semiconductors for integrated circuits, photovoltaic cells, glass and ceramics, and silicones used in lubricants and polymers. Safety considerations focus on crystalline silica dust, which can irritate the respiratory system and pose long-term health risks if inhaled in occupational settings.