Signalgenerators

Signalgenerators are electronic devices designed to generate electrical signals of specified waveforms, frequencies, and amplitudes for testing and calibration of electronic equipment. They provide repeatable, controllable stimuli used in development, manufacturing, and maintenance of communications, instrumentation, and consumer electronics.

There are several categories. Function generators cover low- to mid-frequency ranges and typically produce sine, square, and triangle waves, with options for amplitude or frequency modulation, and sometimes swept or stepped outputs. RF signal generators operate at higher frequencies and provide cleaner sine waves with precise frequency control. Arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) can output user-defined waveforms, including modulated or complex shapes. Modern units often combine multiple capabilities and may use direct digital synthesis (DDS) or phase-locked loop (PLL) based architectures to achieve wide tuning ranges and stable outputs.

Typical specifications include output frequency range, amplitude range and accuracy, output impedance (commonly 50 ohms), and waveform purity measured as sine wave distortion and phase noise. Modulation capabilities (AM, FM, PM, pulse), external modulation inputs, and sweep or burst modes are commonly supported. Connectors are usually BNC or SMA, and many instruments provide interface options for computer control (SCPI over USB, Ethernet, or GPIB).

Applications span electronics design, component testing, receiver alignment, and performance verification in communications and radar systems. When selecting a signalgenerator, considerations include frequency range, waveform fidelity, modulation features, jitter and noise performance, and integration with test setups. Proper termination and safety practices help ensure accurate measurements and equipment protection.