Signalbehandlingssystem

Signalbehandlingssystem refers to a system that processes signals to extract information, enhance quality, or enable transmission. It includes hardware and software designed to acquire signals, convert them to a usable form, perform mathematical operations, and produce outputs such as processed data, control signals, or reconstructed signals. The term covers both digital and analog processing and the intermediate stages that connect sensing to interpretation.

Most signalbehandlingssystemer combine sensors, an analog-to-digital converter, a processing unit (such as a digital signal processor, microcontroller, or FPGA), memory, and software. Processing can be digital, analog, or hybrid. Common operations include filtering (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass), spectral analysis using Fourier transforms or wavelets, convolution, modulation and demodulation, compression and decoding, and feature extraction. The design often emphasizes real-time capability, deterministic latency, and predictable throughput.

Typical applications span telecommunications and radio, audio and image processing, video and multimedia, radar and sonar, biomedical instrumentation (for example ECG or EEG processing), and control systems. Signalbehandlingssystemer are designed to meet constraints on latency, timing jitter, numerical accuracy, and reliability, while managing power consumption in portable or remote devices. The choice of processing platform depends on requirements for speed, flexibility, and energy efficiency.

Key design considerations include hardware choices (DSPs, FPGAs, CPUs), software architectures, development tools, and validation methods. Important performance metrics are latency, throughput, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, and fidelity of the output. Emerging trends involve edge or on-device processing, integration of artificial intelligence for pattern recognition, and software-defined approaches that increase adaptability and reconfigurability.