Sicán

Sicán, also spelled Sican, refers to a pre-Columbian culture that flourished on Peru’s north coast from roughly AD 900 to 1350. It occupied the Lambayeque region and surrounding coastal valleys, with major centers serving ceremonial and political functions. The Sicán emerged after the decline of the Moche and persisted until the rise of the Chimú, which eventually absorbed the region. Its social system centered on powerful ritual leaders and a hierarchical society.

Economy and religion: The Sicán economy relied on river-valley agriculture supplemented by fishing and trade with neighboring coastal and highland communities. Religious and political life were closely linked, with large ceremonial complexes and elite burials underscoring the authority of rulers and priests.

Art and technology: The culture is renowned for sophisticated metallurgy, especially the use of tumbaga (a gold-copper-silver alloy) to create masks, diadems, regalia, and ceremonial vessels. Gold and silver work, along with intricately decorated pottery and stone or shell inlays, reflect complex ritual and burial practices.

Archaeology and legacy: The most famous discovery is the Lord of Sipán tomb at Huaca Rajada, uncovered in 1987 by archaeologist Walter Alva, which yielded a wealth of gold, copper, jewelry, and other offerings. The Sicán era contributed significantly to understanding the northern Peruvian coast’s pre-Columbian history and influenced subsequent Chimú and Inca developments. Ongoing excavations and preservation efforts continue to illuminate this culture’s social and religious systems.