Shivaratri

Shivaratri is a Hindu festival dedicated to Lord Shiva. The most widely observed form is Maha Shivaratri, the Great Night of Shiva, celebrated annually on the 14th night of the new moon during the dark half of the lunar month, typically in February or March. A monthly form of Shivaratri is observed on the 14th night of every lunisolar month.

Rituals commonly include fasting or observing a light and modest diet, staying awake through the night in prayer and vigil (jagran), and worship at Shiva temples. Devotees perform abhishekam, the ritual bathing of the Shivalinga with substances such as milk, water, yogurt, honey, and ghee. Bilva leaves, fruits, flowers, and sesame seeds are offered, and prayers often center on mantras like Om Namah Shivaya and devotional songs.

Significance traditionally centers on the worship of Shiva and themes of purification, renewal, and spiritual awakening. Observers may undertake penances or introspection, with the belief that sincere devotion on this night brings spiritual benefits, protection, and auspiciousness for the year ahead.

Regional observances vary, but in many places temples remain open late and host all-night vigils. Pilgrims visit Shiva temples, and common practices include temple processions, special pujas, and communal meals. The emphasis is on personal devotion, temple worship, and compassionate acts.

Mythological associations for Maha Shivaratri include legends surrounding the marriage of Shiva and Parvati and the night as a time of concentrated devotion to Shiva. The festival is viewed as a occasion for remembrance, learning, and spiritual growth.