Shinkansen

Shinkansen refers to Japan's high-speed rail network, operated primarily by the JR Group. The term translates as "new trunk line." The first line, the Tokaido Shinkansen, opened in 1964 between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka, marking the world's first dedicated high-speed rail service and setting a benchmark for speed, safety, and reliability.

Today the system spans Honshu, Kyushu, and Hokkaido with lines including Tokaido, Sanyo, Joetsu, Hokuriku, Tohoku, and Kyushu. The Chuo Shinkansen maglev project between Tokyo and Nagoya (and eventually Osaka) is planned to extend the network. Shinkansen trains run on standard-gauge tracks with dedicated right-of-way and overhead electrification, and they employ advanced signaling and safety systems. On the fastest sections, services reach about 320 km/h.

Rolling stock ranges from newer high-speed families such as the N700 series (including N700A and N700S) to the E5 and E6 series, along with earlier 300 and 700 series trains. The fleet emphasizes energy efficiency, passenger comfort, and rapid acceleration. Operations are characterized by high frequency, strict scheduling, and a strong safety record, supported by automatic train control and centralized traffic management.

Shinkansen has dramatically shortened intercity travel times, contributing to economic integration and regional development. It also influenced high-speed rail design and operations worldwide. The network continues to expand and upgrade, maintaining Japan's position as a leading model of high-speed rail technology.