Servojärjestelmä

Servojärjestelmä, often translated as servo system, is a control system that uses a rotating or linear actuator driven by a DC or AC motor. The defining characteristic of a servo system is its ability to precisely control the position, velocity, or acceleration of the actuator. This control is achieved through a feedback loop. A sensor, such as an encoder or potentiometer, measures the actual position or state of the actuator. This measured value is then compared to the desired setpoint. The difference between the desired and actual state, known as the error signal, is used by a controller to adjust the motor's output. The controller can range from simple analog circuits to complex digital processors.

Servo systems are widely employed in various applications due to their accuracy and responsiveness. Examples include robotics, where they enable precise arm movements; industrial automation, for tasks like automated assembly and material handling; and model aircraft and cars, where they control the steering and control surfaces. The performance of a servo system is often described by its speed, torque, and positional accuracy. Different types of servo systems exist, including position servos, velocity servos, and torque servos, each optimized for specific control objectives. The integration of sophisticated control algorithms allows for smooth, efficient, and robust operation in dynamic environments.