Selät

Selät is Finnish for the backs of the body. In humans, the back includes the upper back (thoracic region), lower back (lumbar region), and the sacral area, together with the spine and its supporting muscles, ligaments, and tissues.

The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and fused sacral and coccygeal segments. The spinal cord runs within the vertebral canal and ends around the L1–L2 level in adults. Back muscles range from the superficial trapezius and latissimus dorsi to the deep erector spinae, which support posture and movement. Intervertebral discs and facet joints provide cushioning and stability.

The back supports the body’s posture, enables movements of the trunk, and protects the spinal cord and nerve roots. It also serves as an attachment point for many muscles that move the arms, legs, and ribs.

Back pain is the most common problem affecting selät. Causes include muscle strain, overuse, poor posture, injuries, or degenerative conditions such as disc disease. Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination; imaging may be used for persistent or complex cases. Treatment emphasizes activity, physical therapy, pain relief, and ergonomic adjustments; surgery is rare and reserved for specific conditions.

Prevention focuses on regular exercise to strengthen core and back muscles, proper lifting techniques, maintaining a healthy weight, and good posture. Ergonomic workstations, adequate hydration and nutrition, and avoiding smoking support long-term spinal health.