Selyem

Selyem is the Hungarian word for silk, the natural protein fiber produced mainly by the larvae of the silk moth Bombyx mori. The fiber is valued for its smooth feel, luster, and strength, and is used to make a wide range of textiles.

Silk fibers are composed primarily of fibroin proteins produced in the larval silk glands. The larva spins a cocoon, which is collected and usually treated to remove the gummy sericin. Filaments are then reeled to form long threads, sometimes combined with others to produce yarns. There are different types of silk, including mulberry silk from Bombyx mori and wild silks such as tussah.

Silk has high tensile strength, excellent drape, and the ability to regulate moisture and temperature. It offers a natural sheen and is valued for luxury garments, bedding, and upholstery, as well as certain medical sutures. Silk fabrics vary in weight and finish, from delicate chiffons to heavy brocades, and require careful handling in production and care.

Historically, silk originated in China and spread to Europe and Asia via the Silk Road. Today, major silk producers include China, India, Uzbekistan, and Brazil, with selyem products largely imported for textile use in Hungary and other countries. Silk remains a premium material, balancing aesthetic appeal with practical properties, while ongoing discussions address sustainability and animal welfare in sericulture.