Sekélyalapozás

Sekélyalapozás, also known as shallow foundation, is a type of building foundation that transfers structural loads to the ground at a relatively shallow depth. This is in contrast to deep foundations, which transfer loads to deeper, more competent soil or rock layers. Shallow foundations are typically used when the surface soil conditions are adequate to support the building's weight without excessive settlement or failure.

The most common types of shallow foundations include strip footings, pad footings, and raft foundations. Strip footings are continuous strips of concrete that support walls. Pad footings are isolated concrete pads that support columns. Raft foundations, also known as mat foundations, are large, continuous slabs of concrete that cover the entire footprint of a building, distributing the load over a wide area.

The design of a sekélyalapozás considers factors such as the bearing capacity of the soil, the expected loads from the structure, and the potential for settlement. Soil investigations, such as boreholes and laboratory tests, are crucial to determine the soil's properties. The goal is to ensure the foundation is stable and will not cause undue stress on the underlying soil.

Sekélyalapozás is generally more cost-effective and easier to construct than deep foundations, making it the preferred choice for many construction projects. However, their suitability depends heavily on the geological conditions at the site. If the shallow soil layers are weak or compressible, a deep foundation may be necessary to ensure the long-term stability of the structure.