Segmentasyon

Segmentasyon is the process of dividing a complex whole into smaller, more manageable parts. It helps simplify analysis, design, and decision making, and enables actions tailored to specific parts of a system. The exact meaning depends on the field, but the core idea is to create distinct, coherent units called segments.

In marketing and social research, market segmentasyon groups consumers by shared characteristics or behaviors to target products and messages. Bases include demographics, geography, psychographics, and behavior. Effective segmentation supports positioning, resource allocation, and evaluation of outcomes.

In image processing and computer vision, segmentasyon partitions an image into regions corresponding to objects or areas of interest. Methods range from thresholding and edge detection to clustering, region growing, and graph-based approaches, including deep learning models. Performance is measured by metrics such as IoU and Dice coefficient.

In biology, segmentasyon refers to the division of an organism into repeating units, such as somites in vertebrate embryos. This segmentation underpins body plan organization, musculature, and nerve supply, governed by genetic and molecular mechanisms.

In other domains, segmentasyon can describe segmentation of text, time series, or speech, partitioning data into coherent blocks for easier processing, annotation, or analysis.