Scleroserande

Scleroserande is a Swedish term used to describe substances or procedures that induce sclerosis, i.e., hardening or scarring, within tissues. In medical contexts it refers to sclerosants or sclerosing techniques designed to obliterate a lesion, vessel, or cavity by provoking a localized inflammatory response that leads to fibrosis and tissue occlusion.

Mechanism of action typically involves damage to the inner lining of the target tissue (such as endothelium), followed by inflammation, coagulation, and subsequent fibrosis. The resulting scar tissue constricts or occludes the treated lumen or space, achieving the desired therapeutic effect, such as stopping abnormal blood flow or sealing a cavity.

Common indications include sclerotherapy for varicose veins and telangiectasias, treatment of certain lymphatic malformations, and pleurodesis to prevent recurrent pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Sclerosants can be administered chemically via injection or used in mechanical or thermal approaches in some settings. Agents historically and commonly employed include polidocanol, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and ethanol; in pleurodesis, talc, doxycycline, or other irritants may be used to induce fibrosis of the pleural space.

Safety and regulations: Sclerosing procedures are typically performed by specialized clinicians (such as vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, dermatologists, or pulmonologists) under appropriate imaging guidance and patient monitoring. Potential adverse effects include local pain, inflammation, tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs, allergic reactions, pigment changes, and, in rare cases, systemic toxicity with large volumes.

Etymology and classification: The term arises from sclerosis, meaning hardening, with the Swedish suffix -erande denoting an active, causing role. Scleroserande concepts are a fundamental mechanism in various therapeutic sclerotherapy and sclerosing procedures. See also sclerosant, sclerosis, and sclerotherapy.