Schwindelgefühl

Schwindelgefühl, often translated as dizziness or vertigo, is a subjective sensation of unsteadiness, spinning, or a feeling of being off-balance. It is a common symptom that can arise from a variety of underlying causes, affecting individuals of all ages. The sensation can range from mild lightheadedness to severe, incapacitating vertigo where the person feels the environment is moving or tilting.

The causes of Schwindelgefühl are diverse and can be broadly categorized. Vestibular disorders, affecting the inner ear or the brain's balance pathways, are a frequent source. These can include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis, and vestibular neuritis. Neurological conditions such as migraines, stroke, or multiple sclerosis can also manifest with dizziness. Cardiovascular issues, like low blood pressure (hypotension), arrhythmias, or heart valve problems, can lead to a feeling of lightheadedness due to reduced blood flow to the brain. Metabolic disturbances, including low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or dehydration, can also trigger these sensations. Furthermore, certain medications, anxiety, and even simple factors like fatigue or stress can contribute to Schwindelgefühl.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical examination, and potentially specific tests to assess balance, hearing, and eye movements. Treatment depends entirely on the identified cause. For instance, BPPV might be treated with specific head maneuvers, while medication may be prescribed for Meniere's disease or vestibular migraines. Addressing underlying cardiovascular or metabolic issues is crucial. In cases where no specific organic cause is found, management might focus on symptom relief and strategies to cope with the sensation.