Schottkydefekten

Schottky defects are a type of point defect in crystalline materials, named after the German physicist Walter H. Schottky. They occur when an atom is missing from its lattice site, creating a vacancy, and another atom is present in an interstitial position. This results in a neutral defect, as the charge of the interstitial atom compensates for the missing atom's charge. Schottky defects are common in ionic crystals, where they can occur due to the high energy required to create vacancies in the lattice.

The formation of Schottky defects is influenced by several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the presence of impurities. At higher temperatures, the thermal energy can overcome the lattice energy, making it easier to create vacancies and interstitials. Similarly, high pressures can also facilitate the formation of Schottky defects by increasing the lattice energy.

Schottky defects can have significant effects on the properties of crystalline materials. For example, they can increase the electrical conductivity of ionic crystals by providing additional charge carriers. Additionally, Schottky defects can influence the mechanical properties of materials, as they can act as sites for dislocation nucleation and growth.

Schottky defects are also relevant in the field of materials science, as they can be used to engineer the properties of materials for specific applications. For instance, they can be used to create materials with tailored electrical conductivity or to improve the mechanical strength of materials. Understanding the formation and behavior of Schottky defects is therefore crucial for the development of new materials with desired properties.