Schnittarten

Schnittarten, literally “types of cuts,” is a term used across disciplines to describe the way a cut is made or a transition is performed. It covers incision patterns in medicine, editing transitions in film and video, and cutting methods in crafts such as woodworking.

In medicine and surgery, Schnittarten refer to incision design. They are chosen to provide access to a region while minimizing tissue damage and preserving blood supply. Common orientations include longitudinal (Längsschnitt) and transverse (Querschnitt) incisions, as well as oblique or curved designs. The shape may be straight or curved to follow anatomical landmarks; depth and length are adjusted to the surgical goal. Closure methods such as suturing, stapling, or closure devices are planned with these Schnittarten in mind.

In film and video editing, Schnittarten describe how shots are joined and how transitions are achieved. A direct cut is the most basic form and maintains continuity. Other forms include jump cuts that disrupt continuity for pace, cutaways that insert related material, and cross-cutting that alternates between simultaneous events. Transitions such as fades (Ein- and Ausblenden) and dissolves (Überblendungen) help signal a passage of time or mood. Wipes (Wischblenden) and other stylistic transitions may be used for emphasis.

In carpentry and crafts, Schnittarten describe how material is cut. Straight cuts (gerade Schnitte) yield a direct edge, while angled cuts (Winkel- or Gehrungsschnitte) create joints. Bevel cuts (Schrägschnitte) adjust edge slope, and cross-cuts (Querschnitte) remove material across the grain. Rip cuts and resawing change thickness.

Schnittarten are context-dependent and defined by purpose, technique, and safety considerations.