Schmierungs

Schmierungs, often translated as lubrication, is the management of a lubricant film between moving surfaces to minimize friction, wear, and heat. It is a central concept in tribology, mechanical design, and routine maintenance. Schmierungen are described by the regime of lubrication and by the form of the lubricant, such as liquids (oils and synthetic fluids), greases, or solid lubricants.

Lubrication regimes include hydrodynamic lubrication, where a full viscous film supports the load; elastohydrodynamic lubrication, which occurs under high pressure with surface deformation; boundary lubrication, where a thin additive layer carries load when the main film is inadequate; and dry lubrication, which relies on solid lubricants like graphite or MoS2.

Lubricants differ by base oil and additive package. Liquid lubricants include mineral and synthetic oils; greases combine oil with a thickener. Viscosity grade systems (for example ISO VG) describe flow properties under load, while additives provide anti-wear and anti-corrosion protection, detergency, and extreme-pressure performance. The selection depends on load, speed, temperature, and material compatibility.

Lubrication systems range from manual application and grease fittings to centralized oil circulation and automatic lubrication schemes. Achieving proper Schmierung requires matching film thickness to operating conditions, controlling contamination, maintaining seals, and ensuring adequate cooling.

Maintenance involves choosing appropriate lubricants, following scheduled changes, and monitoring performance through oil analysis and operation data such as temperature and pressure. Poor lubrication increases energy consumption, accelerates wear, causes overheating, and shortens equipment life. Ongoing advances include synthetic and bio-based lubricants, advanced additives, and environmentally friendly formulations.