Schmiermedien

Schmiermedien, or lubricants, are substances applied to reduce friction, wear, and heat between moving surfaces. They function by forming a thin film that separates metal parts, preventing direct contact. Lubricants can be solid, liquid, or semi‑solid and are used across many industries, including machining, automotive, aerospace, and electronics manufacturing.

The most common liquid Schmiermedien are mineral‑based oils, synthetic oils based on polyols, esters, or polysulfides, and bio‑based oils derived from plant or animal sources. Each type differs in viscosity, thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and additive content. Additives such as antioxidants, extreme‑pressure agents, dispersants, and corrosion inhibitors tailor the lubricant’s performance for specific applications.

Industrial use of Schmiermedien spans cutting tools, press dies, bearings, power transmission components, and cutting fluids for metalworking. Proper selection of a lubricant’s viscosity grade and additive package can extend tool life, improve surface finish, and enhance overall process efficiency.

Environmental concerns have prompted stricter regulation of lubricant composition. REACH in Europe limits harmful substances, and oil‑based fluids are increasingly replaced by biodegradable or low‑VOC alternatives where feasible. Recycling and proper disposal remain essential to mitigate ecological impact.

In summary, Schmiermedien are critical to modern mechanical and manufacturing systems, offering protection against wear and heat while influencing energy consumption and product quality. Continuous research aims to develop more efficient, environmentally friendly lubricants that maintain high performance across diverse operating conditions.