Scaphocephaly

Scaphocephaly is a non-syndromic craniosynostosis, meaning it is a condition where a single cranial suture fuses prematurely. Specifically, in scaphocephaly, the sagittal suture fuses early. The sagittal suture runs from the front of the skull to the back, along the midline of the top of the head. When this suture closes prematurely, it restricts the skull's growth in width, causing it to become long and narrow, resembling a boat's hull, hence the name "scaphocephaly" from the Greek words "skaphos" (boat) and "kephale" (head).

This premature fusion typically occurs in infancy, and the characteristic head shape becomes apparent as the baby grows. While the skull shape is the primary manifestation, there are usually no significant neurological issues associated with isolated sagittal synostosis, as the brain has room to grow upwards and forwards. However, in some cases, increased intracranial pressure or other developmental concerns might be present, although this is less common than with other types of craniosynostosis.

Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination, observing the characteristic head shape. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, can confirm the premature fusion of the sagittal suture. Treatment for scaphocephaly is surgical. The goal of surgery is to release the fused suture, allowing for normal skull growth and correcting the abnormal head shape. Early surgical intervention is generally recommended to achieve the best cosmetic and functional outcomes. The specific surgical technique varies depending on the age of the child and the severity of the deformity.