Saxitoxinrelated

Saxitoxinrelated refers to a group of potent neurotoxins primarily produced by certain marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. These toxins are a class of paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) and are structurally similar to saxitoxin, the prototypical compound of this family. Saxitoxin and its related compounds are water-soluble and heat-stable, meaning they are not destroyed by typical cooking methods.

The mechanism of action for saxitoxinrelated toxins involves blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve and muscle cells. By inhibiting the influx of sodium ions, these toxins prevent the generation and propagation of action potentials. This disruption of neuronal signaling leads to a range of symptoms in humans and animals that ingest contaminated seafood.

Symptoms of saxitoxin poisoning can vary in severity and onset, typically appearing within minutes to a few hours after consumption. Mild cases may include tingling sensations in the lips and extremities, numbness, and gastrointestinal distress. More severe intoxication can result in muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, and potentially death.

Saxitoxinrelated toxins are a significant concern for public health and fisheries worldwide. Algal blooms, often referred to as "red tides" or harmful algal blooms (HABs), can lead to the accumulation of these toxins in shellfish, making them unsafe for consumption. Monitoring programs are in place in many regions to detect the presence of these toxins and to issue warnings to prevent human exposure.