Saunan

Saunan, the genitive form of sauna in Finnish, indicates possession or relation and roughly means “of the sauna” or “the sauna’s.” In ordinary usage, saunan refers to things belonging to a sauna or connected with it, for example saunan ovi (the door of the sauna). The word also denotes the room or building designed for steam bathing, a central element of Finnish culture.

The Finnish sauna tradition dates back centuries and remains widespread. Most homes, cabins, and public facilities include a dedicated sauna. A typical room is wooden and heated by a stove—wood-fired or electric—and may have one or more benches at different heights. The main purpose is cleansing, relaxation, and socializing.

A defining feature is the löyly, the steam and heat produced when water is poured on the hot stones, which raises humidity and the sensation of heat. Many saunas use a birch whisk (vihta or vasta) to gently massage and stimulate the skin. Types include the traditional smoke sauna (savusauna), which heats without a chimney, and modern electric or wood-fired saunas.

Use and etiquette vary, but common practices include showering before entering, sitting on the benches, and cooling off after sessions by bathing in a lake or pool or in cold air. In Finland, sauna is often a social space shared by family and friends; clothing practices vary by setting, with nudity common in private contexts and more modest attire in public facilities.

Today, the sauna concept has spread worldwide and influenced bathhouse design beyond Finland. The Finnish sauna remains a symbol of national identity and a practical means of cleansing, relaxation, and wellness.