Sarjaviestintäprotokollien

Sarjaviestintä, also known as serial communication, is a method of transmitting data between devices one bit at a time, sequentially over a single communication line. This contrasts with parallel communication, where multiple bits are sent simultaneously over multiple lines. Sarjaviestintä is commonly used for long-distance communication due to its simpler wiring and lower cost compared to parallel communication.

The two most common forms of sarjaviestintä are asynchronous and synchronous. Asynchronous communication does not require a separate clock signal between the sender and receiver. Instead, it uses start and stop bits to frame each data character. This makes it flexible and suitable for intermittent data transfer. Synchronous communication, on the other hand, relies on a shared clock signal to keep the sender and receiver synchronized. This method is more efficient for continuous data streams as it avoids the overhead of start and stop bits.

Popular serial communication protocols include RS-232, USB (Universal Serial Bus), and Ethernet. RS-232 is a standard for serial port interfaces, often found in older computing devices and industrial equipment. USB has become the ubiquitous standard for connecting peripherals to computers, offering higher speeds and more advanced features than RS-232. Ethernet is the dominant protocol for wired local area networks (LANs), enabling high-speed data exchange between multiple devices. Sarjaviestintä's simplicity and versatility make it a fundamental concept in computer networking and embedded systems.