Santalales

Santalales is an order of parasitic or hemiparasitic plants in the subclass Santalidae. The order contains approximately 3000 species in around 12 to 15 families. Many species in Santalales are known for their economic importance, such as sandalwood (Santalum album) which is highly prized for its aromatic wood. Other well-known genera include Viscum (mistletoe) and Thesium.

These plants exhibit a variety of parasitic strategies. Some are facultative hemiparasites, meaning they can photosynthesize but also obtain nutrients and water from a host plant. Others are obligate parasites, relying entirely on their host for survival. They typically attach to host plants using specialized structures called haustoria, which penetrate the host's vascular tissues.

The distribution of Santalales is global, found on every continent except Antarctica. They inhabit diverse environments, from tropical rainforests to temperate woodlands and arid regions. Floral morphology varies significantly within the order, but many species possess inconspicuous flowers, often wind-pollinated. Fruit types also range widely, including drupes, berries, and achenes. Evolutionary relationships within Santalales are complex, and taxonomic classifications have undergone revisions as new genetic data has become available. The order plays a significant role in many ecosystems, influencing host plant populations and contributing to biodiversity.