Samenstellingsanalyses

Samenstellingsanalyses is the systematic determination of the constituents and their quantities in a material, mixture or compound. It encompasses both qualitative identification and quantitative measurement of elements, compounds or phases, and can be applied to solids, liquids and gases. The aim is to provide a detailed composition profile that is accurate, precise and traceable, supporting quality control, research, regulatory compliance and material characterization.

The approaches used depend on the sample and the level of detail required. Common methods include wet chemistry techniques such as gravimetric and volumetric analyses; instrumental methods for elemental composition like X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ICP–MS, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for organic components; spectroscopic methods such as infrared (IR) and UV–visible spectroscopy for functional groups; and imaging-based microanalysis such as SEM-EDS for localized composition. The analysis workflow typically involves sampling, sample preparation, calibration with standards, measurement, data evaluation and reporting, with attention to uncertainty and detection limits. In regulated contexts, samenstellingsanalyses follow standards from bodies such as ISO or ASTM to ensure comparability and traceability.

Applications span material science to determine alloy or ceramic compositions, geology and mineralogy for rock or ore analysis, environmental monitoring for trace metals, food and pharmaceutical quality control, forensic investigations, and archaeological studies. Challenges include ensuring representative sampling, managing matrix effects and interferences, and selecting appropriate reference materials and quality assurance procedures. Advances continue with higher-resolution instrumentation, micro- and nano-analytic techniques, and methods for isotopic or phase-specific composition.