Salve

A salve is a semi-solid topical preparation intended for application to the skin or mucous membranes, used to soothe, protect, or deliver medicinal agents.

It typically consists of an oil- or fat-based phase thickened with waxes, such as beeswax, and may include other supportive bases like petrolatum or lanolin. Active ingredients may include antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, antifungals, or soothing substances such as aloe or calendula.

Salves are often wax-based, providing a firmer, less greasy texture than ointments and creating an occlusive barrier that reduces water loss and aids localized drug delivery.

Common uses include the care of minor cuts and burns, dry or irritated skin, dermatitis, eczema, and other superficial dermal conditions; they may also serve as protective barriers for healing skin.

Preparation typically involves heating or softening the base, incorporating the active ingredients, and allowing the mixture to cool to a semisolid. Some formulations are prepared by cold blending.

Etymology traces to historical medicinal terms and the Latin roots related to healing, reflecting a long history in apothecary practice and traditional remedies.

In modern regulation, salves may be classified as drugs or cosmetics depending on active ingredients; labeling should disclose ingredients to avoid allergens and interactions.

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