Sabasid

Sabasid is not a standard term in mainstream scholarship and may be a misspelling or variant of Abbasid. The following describes the Abbasid Caliphate, the major Islamic dynasty most commonly associated with that name, including its enduring symbolic presence in later periods.

The Abbasid Caliphate reigned from 750 to 1258 CE, with its founders descending from al-Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad. The revolution against the Umayyads culminated in the ascension of Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah. The new capital was established at Baghdad, founded in the 8th century and reaching prominence as a political and cultural center of the Islamic world. The Abbasids promoted a mixed Arab-Persian administrative culture and a large, centralized state apparatus, supported by a sophisticated bureaucracy and a network of provincial governorships.

Culturally, the Abbasids presided over the Islamic Golden Age. The House of Wisdom in Baghdad became a major center for translation, science, philosophy, and scholarship. Scholars translated works from across the known world, advancing mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and the arts. Notable figures include al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), and Al-Razi, whose works influenced both Islamic and European intellectual traditions.

Decline began in the 9th and 10th centuries as regional powers asserted autonomy, with the Buyids and later the Seljuks exercising real control over Baghdad. The Mongol capture of Baghdad in 1258 effectively ended the caliphate as a centralized state. A commemorative Abbasid lineage continued in Cairo under Mamluk suzerainty from 1261 to 1517, serving as religious figureheads rather than sovereign rulers. The Abbasid legacy endured in science, culture, and administrative practice.