Cairo

Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, located along the Nile in the northern part of the country. It is one of the largest cities in Africa and the Middle East, serving as a major economic, political, and cultural center.

The city traces its origins to the Fatimid capital established in 969 CE, initially known as Al-Qahirah. It grew around the area that would become Islamic Cairo, with later rulers expanding fortifications and institutions around the Nile.

The historic core contains Islamic Cairo and the Citadel, mosques, and markets, including the Khan el-Khalili bazaar. The ancient city’s wealth of monuments is complemented by the nearby Pyramids of Giza on the western edge of the metropolis.

Cairo hosts major educational and cultural institutions, such as Al-Azhar University and Cairo University, and national museums like the Egyptian Museum. The city is a gateway for tourism to Egypt’s archaeological sites.

The economy centers on services, trade, industry, and media, with a growing financial district. Transportation includes the Cairo Metro, roads, and Cairo International Airport, while river and rail connections link Greater Cairo with other regions.

The climate is hot desert, with mild winters and long, dry summers. Rapid growth has created challenges such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and housing needs, prompting ongoing urban development and infrastructure projects. Cairo is a UNESCO World Heritage-inscribed area as part of Historic Cairo, and its identity blends ancient heritage with contemporary life.