bazaar

A bazaar is a type of marketplace, typically found in the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, and parts of North Africa and the Mediterranean. The term is used in many languages and is often traced to Persian bazār, with related forms in Turkish and Arabic. Bazaars can be either covered or open-air and are usually organized into lanes or sections that house individual shops, stalls, or vendors.

Historically, bazaars arose as commercial and social centers along trade routes and in urban cores. They often functioned as hubs for long-distance trade, local crafts, and daily commerce. In many places they were governed by guilds or municipal authorities and played a role in regulating prices, quality, and stall placement. The layout of a bazaar can reflect regional specialties and cultural traditions, with some sections devoted to specific goods such as textiles, spices, metals, or jewelry.

Functions and practices in bazaar commerce commonly include bargaining and negotiation, a reliance on informal networks, and a strong emphasis on reputation and trust. Goods available range from everyday household items to luxury crafts, and prices can vary with season, supply, and provenance. In addition to economic activity, bazaars often serve as social spaces where information is exchanged and community life is conducted.

Notable examples include the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, one of the largest and oldest covered markets, and historic souks such as those in Isfahan, Tabriz, Delhi’s Chandni Chowk, and Marrakech’s traditional markets. Today, bazaars continue to be important for local economies and cultural heritage, while also attracting tourists.